ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024) #ZooKeys DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 Research Article Four new species of leptonetid spiders (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Anhui Province, China Shuhui Li*®, Qiang Chen?®, Yanfeng Tong'® 1 College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China 2 Experimental Teaching Center, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China Corresponding author: Yanfeng Tong (tyf68@hotmail.com) Abstract Four new species of leptonetid spiders from Anhui Province, China are recognized: Jingneta gishan Tong, sp. nov. (4), Jingneta wukuishan Tong, sp. nov. (<3), Leptonetela jingde Tong, sp. nov. (4°) and Rhyssoleptoneta lishan Tong, sp. nov. (3°). An identification key to leptonetid spiders from Anhui is provided. Key words: Asia, biodiversity, identification key, Jingneta, Leptonetela, new taxa, Rhysso- leptoneta, taxonomy Introduction Members of the family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 are tiny (1-3 mm) and typi- cally have six eyes, with the posterior median eyes displaced behind the ante- oven Gpaceess rior lateral eyes and the posterior lateral eyes, and anterior median eyes have been lost. Most species live in moist habitats, such as leaf litter, under rocks Academic editor: Cristina Rheims and in caves (Ledford et al. 2021). Received: 7 September 2024 Leptonetidae includes 22 genera and 392 species from North America, the Accepted: 18 October 2024 Mediterranean, and East and Southeast Asia (World Spider Catalog 2024). Published: 18 November 2024 Currently, 145 species belonging to eight genera have been recorded in China (Wang et al. 2020; Liu and Zhang 2022; Yang et al. 2022; Hu and Liu 2023; Liu ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/ ; er = ACC540A9-4D6F-4D7C-94D6- et al. 2024). Anhui Province, a provincial-level administrative region of China, 52A0F53D5972 is located in the Yangtze River Delta region of East China (Fig. 14). Four spe- cies belonging to three genera have been recorded in Anhui Province: Jingneta Citation: Li S, Chen Q, Tong Y (2024) maculosa (Song & Xu, 1986), J. tunxiensis (Song & Xu, 1986), Leptonetela micro- Four new species of leptonetid spiders Ggnta (Xu & Song, 1983) and Longileptoneta shenxian Wang & Li, 2020 (Xu and (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Anhui S 1983:S d Xu 1986: W | 2020 Province, China. ZooKeys 1218: Sites. Bh aR! ff ang/eval: ) 99-119. https://doi.org/10.3897/ In this study, four new species of leptonetid spiders from the Anhui Province zookeys.1218.136555 of China are described and illustrated. An identification key is provided. Copyright: © Shuhui Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). * These authors contributed equally to this work. 99 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Materials and methods Specimens used in this study were collected by sifting forest leaf litter and examined using a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope. Fine details were studied using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Female genitalia were cleared in lactic acid. Photomicroscope images were made with a Canon EOS 750D zoom digital camera (24.2 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus BX51 com- pound microscope. Photos were stacked with Helicon Focus ® (version 8.2.0) and processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2020 ®. Scanning electron microscope images (SEM) were taken under high vacuum with a Hitachi S-4800 after criti- cal-point drying and gold-palladium coating. Leg measurements are shown as: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus) and, when missing, were coded as “-—”. All measurements were taken using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and are in millimeters. Allspecimens are preserved in 75% ethanol. The type material is deposited inthe Shenyang Normal University (SYNU) in Liaoning, China (curator: Yanfeng Tong). Terminology follows Wang et al. (2020) and Yang et al. (2022). The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: AER = anterior eye row; ALE = anterior lateral eyes; at = atrium; emb = embolus; ma = median apophysis; mo = median outgrowth; ms = median sclerite; PER = posterior eye row; pl = prolat- eral lobe; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes; po = pro- lateral outgrowth; ps = prolateral sclerite; rl = retrolateral lobe; ro = retrolateral outgrowth; sc = scape; so = small outgrowth; sp = spermathecae; spr = short projection; ss = spermathecal stalk; ts = tarsal spur. Taxonomy Family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 Genus Jingneta Wang & Li, 2020 Type species. Leptoneta cornea Tong & Li, 2008. Diagnosis. See Wang et al. (2020). Composition. Twelve species, including two described here. Distribution. China (Anhui, Beijing, Hebei). Jingneta qgishan Tong, sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/C77BF2C5-2968-4EAA-9F 1 2-11D412A835DF Figs 1-4, 13A, 14 Type material. Holotype CHINA « 3 (SYNU-1168); Anhui, Chizhou City, Guichi District, Qishan Scenic Area; 30°38'19"N, 117°29'57"E, 70 m; 12.1.2022; H. Fu & K. Yang leg. Paratype: CHINA * 2 (SYNU-1169), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Jingneta exilocula (Tong and Li 2008: fig. 2A-H) in the horn-shaped apophysis of palpal tibia, but can be dis- tinguished by the chelicerae lacking a stridulatory file on the lateral margin ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 100 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China bess ee. A cA C D Figure 1. Jingneta gishan sp. nov., male A, B habitus, dorsal and ventral views C, D left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, B); 0.3 mm (C, D). (Fig. 13A) vs. with a stridulatory file, palpal femur with six long setae retrolater- ally (Fig. 1D) vs. eight long setae, tip of bulb with a spine-like prolateral sclerite (Fig. 2A, C) vs. lacking and female genital area with a scape (Fig. 3C) vs. lacking. Zookeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.13655: ae Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Figure 2. Jingneta gishan sp. nov. A, B left palpal bulb and tibia, prolateral and retrolateral views C, D distal part of bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: emb = embolus; mo = median outgrowth; po = prolateral outgrowth; ps = prolateral sclerite; ro = retrolateral outgrowth; so = small outgrowth. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1A, B. Total length 1.55. Cara- pace 0.62 long, 0.59 wide. Abdomen 0.99 long, 0.68 wide. Eye sizes and interdis- tances: ALE 0.05, PLE 0.05, PME 0.04; ALE-PME 0.06, PLE-PLE 0.02, PLE—PME ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 102 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Figure 3. Jingneta gishan sp. nov., female A, B habitus, dorsal and ventral views C, D genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: at = atrium; sc = scape; sp = spermathecae; ss = spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D). 0.03; AER 0.08, PER 0.10. Carapace light yellow. Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows distinct. Chelicerae with eight large promarginal and five small retromarginal teeth. Labium rectangular; endites with serrula anterolaterally; sternum light yellow, longer than wide, heart shaped, smooth. Abdomen whitish, ovoid. Leg measurements: | - (1.15, 0.19, 1.16, 0.90, -); II - (0.94, 0.19, 0.95, 0.73, 0.59); Ill - (-,0.19, 0.72, 0.64, 0.48); IV - (1.26, -, -, -,-). Metatarsus III with row of fine hairs ventrally (preening comb, arrow in Fig. 4H). Palp (Figs 1C—D, 2A—D, 4A-E): femur with six long setae retrolaterally; tibia with one horn-shaped apophysis dis- tally; tip of bulb with triangular embolus, a spine-like prolateral sclerite and sever- al outgrowths, including a leaf-shaped prolateral outgrowth, a median triangular outgrowth, a small outgrowth and a ribbon-shaped retrolateral outgrowth. ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 103 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Figure 4. Jingneta qgishan sp. nov., SEM A, C left palp, ventral and retrolateral views B bulb, ventral view D distal part of bulb, ventral view E detail of palpal tibial apophysis, lateral view F patella III, dorsal view G detail of patella III, dorsal view H metatarsus Ill, ventral view, arrow shows preening comb. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D); 0.05 mm (E-H). Female (paratype). Similar to male in general features. Habitus as in Fig. 3A, B. Total length 1.37. Carapace 0.61 long, 0.49 wide. Abdomen 0.77 long, 0.55 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.05, PLE 0.05, PME 0.04; ALE-PME 0.10, PLE-PLE 0.03, PLE-PME 0.02; AER 0.08, PER 0.11. Leg measurements: | 2.19 (0.59, 0.21, 0.57, 0.45, 0.37); Il 1.85 (0.50, 0.18, 0.46, 0.37, 0.34); III 1.64 ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 104 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China (0.45, 0.18, 0.36, 0.35, 0.30); IV 2.38 (0.70, 0.18, 0.69, 0.46, 0.35). Genital area (Fig. 3C) with a scape on the posterior edge. Internal genitalia (Fig. 3D) with a pair of coiled spermathecae and sperm stalk; atrium oval. Distribution. China (Anhui). Jingneta wukuishan Tong, sp. nov. https://Zoobank.org/91782FAE-C3E8-4350-A294-5F2AODAF7E2F Figs 5, 6, 13C, 14 Type material. Holotype CHINA * 4 (SYNU-1170); Anhui, Huangshan City, She County, Wukui Mountain; 29°51'0"N, 118°24'55"E, 138 m; 3.1.2022; W. Cheng, H. Fu & K. Yang leg. Paratype: CHINA * 1 3 (SYNU-1171), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Jingneta maculosa (Song and Xu 1986: fig. 2A-C) in the dark stripes of abdomen, but can be distinguished by the chelicerae with seven promarginal teeth (Fig. 13C) vs. ten promarginal teeth, palpal femur with six long setae retrolaterally and tibia lacking specialized se- tae (Fig. 5D) vs. nine setae and tibia with three short blunt spines. Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 5A, B. Total length 1.52. Carapace 0.61 long, 0.54 wide. Abdomen 0.93 long, 0.62 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.06, PLE 0.06, PME 0.05; ALE-PME 0.06, PLE-PLE 0.04, PLE-PME 0.02; AER 0.11, PER 0.12. Carapace yellow to dark brown. Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows indistinct. Chelicerae with seven large promarginal and seven small retromarginal teeth. Labium rectangular; en- dites with serrula anterolaterally; sternum yellow to brown, longer than wide, heart shaped, smooth. Abdomen light brown, darker on sides, ovoid. Leg mea- surements: | 2.96 (0.83, 0.21, 0.78, 0.65, 0.49); II - (-, -, -, -, -); II] 2.73 (0.75, 0.21, 0.67, 0.61, 0.49): IV 3.93 (1.08, 0.21, 1.20, 0.88, 0.56). Palp (Figs 5C, D, 6A—-E): femur with six long setae retrolaterally; cymbium constricted medially, attached to a small earlobe-shaped process retrolaterally; tip of bulb with a strong spine- like prolateral sclerite and several membranous outgrowths. Female. Unknown. Distribution. China (Anhui). Genus Leptonetela Kratochvil, 1978 Guineta Lin & Li, 2010: 6. Qianleptoneta Chen & Zhu, 2008: 12. Sinoneta Lin & Li, 2010: 82. Type species. Sulcia kanellisi Deeleman-Reinhold, 1971. Diagnosis. See Wang et al. (2017). Composition. One hundred and twenty-three species, of which 9 species oc- cur in Greece, 2 in Turkey, 1 in Azerbaijan and Georgia, 1 in Vietnam, and 110 species in China, including the one described here. Distribution. Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Greece, Turkey and Vietnam. ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 105 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China :\ Figure 5. Jingneta wukuishan sp. nov., male A, B habitus, dorsal and ventral views C, D left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, B); 0.3 mm (C, D). ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 106 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China * MPa, ™ : DS HTT REA TTI eben * ’ D Figure 6. Jingneta wukuishan sp. nov. A, B, C left palp, prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral views D, E distal part of bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views. Abbreviation: ps = prolateral sclerite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C); 0.05 mm (B, D, E). ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 107 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Leptonetela jingde Tong, sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/E77EDBBO-8D1 5-441 9-8036-F727BE934CC4 Figs 7-9, 13B, 14 Type material. Holotype CHINA « 3 (SYNU-1172); Anhui, Xuancheng City, Jingde County, Tu’er Mountain; 30°18'23'N, 118°32'15"E, 240 m; 7.1.2022; W. Cheng, H. Fu & K. Yang leg. Paratype: CHINA ¢ 4 31 9 (SYNU-1173-1177), same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Leptonetela microdonta (Wang and Li 2011: figs 28-31) in the long setae on palpal tibia, but can be distinguished by the chelicerae with seven promarginal teeth (Fig. 13B) vs. eight, palpal tibia with four long setae retrolaterally, the basal two thick (Fig. 7D) vs. six long se- tae, with the basal one thinner and the distal three thick, the prolateral sclerite spine-like (Fig. 8D) vs. fork-shaped, with five teeth distally and the abdomen with four dark chevron-shaped stripes (Figs 7A, 9A) vs. lacking. Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 7A, B. Total length 1.25. Carapace 0.61 long, 0.59 wide. Abdomen 0.89 long, 0.73 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.08, PLE 0.08, PME 0.07; ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PLE 0.08, PLE-PME 0.03; AER 0.14, PER 0.17. Carapace light yellow. Median groove, cervi- cal grooves and radial furrows distinct. Chelicerae with seven large promarginal and four small retromarginal teeth, with stridulatory file on the lateral margin. Labium rectangular; endites with serrula anterolaterally; sternum brown, shield shaped, smooth. Abdomen whitish, ovoid, with four dark chevron-shaped stripes. Leg measurements: | 2.66 (0.72, 0.17, 0.73, 0.57, 0.47); II 2.20 (0.62, 0.17, 0.55, 0.46, 0.40); Ill 1.97 (0.58, 0.18, 0.46, 0.46, 0.29); IV 2.45 (0.72, 0.17, 0.62, 0.54, 0.40). Palp (Figs 7C, D, 8A—-E): femur without long setae retrolaterally; tibia with four long setae retrolaterally, the basal two thick; cymbium constricted medially, attached to a large earlobe-shaped process retrolaterally; tip of bulb with a short spine-like prolateral sclerite and leaf-shaped median apophysis. Female (paratype). Similar to male in general features. Habitus as in Fig. 9A, B. Total length 1.36. Carapace 0.64 long, 0.58 wide. Abdomen 0.96 long, 0.80 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.07; ALE-PME 0.12, PLE-PLE 0.08, PLE-PME 0.02; AER 0.14, PER 0.17. Leg measurements: | - (0.73, 0.20, 0.67, 0.56, -); II 2.19 (0.62, 0.20, 0.52, 0.45, 0.40); III 1.97 (0.58, 0.18, 0.44, 0.45, 0.32); IV - (0.73, 0.21, 0.62, -, -). Internal genitalia (Fig. 9C, D) with sub-trapezoidal atrium, slightly swollen spermathecae, and convoluted spermathecal stalk including six coils. Distribution. China (Anhui). Genus Rhyssoleptoneta Tong & Li, 2007 Type species. Rhyssoleptoneta latitarsa Tong & Li, 2007. Diagnosis. See Tong and Li (2007) and Wang et al. (2012). Composition. Three species, including one described here. Distribution. China (Anhui, Beijing, Hebei). ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 108 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China C D Figure 7. Leptonetela jingde sp. nov., male A, B habitus, dorsal and ventral views C, D left palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D). Zookeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 109 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Figure 8. Leptonetela jingde sp. nov. A, B, C left palp, prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral views D, E detail of palpal bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views. Abbreviation: ma = median apophysis; pl = prolateral lobe; ps = prolateral sclerite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 110 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Abbreviations: at = atrium; sp = spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). Rhyssoleptoneta lishan Tong, sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/DF212BC3-9B09-4A97-B11F-73669221EAF3 Figs 10-12, 13D, 14 Type material. Holotype CHINA « 3 (SYNU-1163); Anhui, Chizhou City, Guichi District, Lishan Village; 30°36'28"N, 117°30'12"E, 20 m; 14.1.2022; H. Fu & K. Yang leg. Paratype: CHINA: 1 2 (SYNU-1164), same data as holotype. Other material examined. CHINA * 3 9; Anhui, Chizhou City, Guichi District, Santaishan Park; 30°39'34'N, 117°28'21"E, 30 m; 13.1.2022; H. Fu & K. Yang leg. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition. ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 111 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Figure 10. Rhyssoleptoneta lishan sp. nov. A, B male habitus, dorsal and ventral views C, D female habitus, dorsal and ventral views E, F genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: at = atrium; sc = scape; sp = spermathecae; Ss = spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-D), 0.1 mm (E, F). Zookeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Figure 11. Rhyssoleptoneta lishan sp. nov. A, B, C left palp, prolateral, dorsal and retrolateral views, arrow shows the short projection D, E detail of palpal bulb, prolateral and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: mo = median outgrowth; ms = median sclerite; pl = prolateral lobe; ps = prolateral sclerite; spr = short projection. Scale bar: 0.1 mm. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to Rhyssoleptoneta aosen (Zhu and Li 2021: figs 9A—D, 10A-C) in the scape of female genital area, but can be distin- guished by the chelicerae with eight promarginal teeth and by the stridulatory file on the lateral margin (Fig. 13D) vs. seven promarginal teeth and lacking the stridulatory file, palpal bulb with membranous median outgrowth, without ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 113 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China ge Figure 12. Rhyssoleptoneta lishan sp. nov., SEM A, C left palp, prolateral and dorsal views B, D detail of palpal bulb, prolat- eral and ventral views. Abbreviations: emb = embolus; mo = median outgrowth; ms = median sclerite; pl = prolateral lobe; ps = prolateral sclerite; rl = retrolateral lobe; spr = short projection; ts = tarsal spur. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. tooth-shaped projections (Fig. 11D, E) vs. without median outgrowth but with three tooth-shaped projections, and the short projection of the palpal tarsus distally (Fig. 11E) vs. on the middle area. Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 10A, B. Total length 1.31. Cara- pace 0.62 long, 0.50 wide. Abdomen 0.67 long, 0.45 wide. Eye sizes and interdis- tances: ALE 0.06, PLE 0.06, PME 0.04; ALE—-PME 0.06, PLE-PLE 0.06, PLE-PME 0.02; AER 0.10, PER 0.12. Carapace light yellow. Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows indistinct. Chelicerae with eight large promarginal and four small retromarginal teeth, with stridulatory file on the lateral margin. Labium rectangu- lar; endites with serrula anterolaterally; sternum whitish, longer than wide, heart shaped, smooth. Abdomen whitish, ovoid, with four dark chevron-shaped stripes. ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 114 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China v aa ra C D Figure 13. Male left chelicerae, posterior view A Jingneta gishan sp. nov. B Leptonetela jingde sp. nov. C Jingneta wukuishan sp. nov. D Rhyssoleptoneta lishan sp. nov. Arrows show the stridulatory file in B, D. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Leg measurements: | 2.51 (0.70, 0.19, 0.68, 0.55, 0.39); Il 2.11 (0.59, 0.19, 0.53, 0.45, 0.35); Ill 1.80 (0.51, 0.17, 0.45, 0.40, 0.27); IV - (-,-, -,-,-). Male palp (Figs 11A-E, 12A-D): femur without long spines; tibia without special projection; tarsus wide, not branched distally, with a short projection and a long spur distally; bulb complex, wrinkled on prolateral surface, with 3 spine-like prolateral sclerites, with a membra- nous median outgrowth and belt-like median sclerite; embolus triangular. Zookeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 115 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China 117° Shandong Jiangsu ) ina a 4 : Aas : aa ae PI ope — East China Sea Zhejiang Jiangxi 20-46 Figure 14. Distribution records of leptonetid spiders from Anhui, China, red circles refer to four new species, green circles indicate four known species 1 Jingneta maculosa 2 Jingneta gishan sp. nov. 3 Jingneta tunxiensis 4 Jingneta wukuishan sp. nov. 5 Leptonetela jingde sp. nov. 6 Leptonetela microdonta 7 Longileptoneta shenxian 8 Rhyssoleptoneta lishan sp. nov. Female (paratype). Similar to male in general features. Habitus as in Fig. 10C, D. Total length 1.23. Carapace 0.54 long, 0.45 wide. Abdomen 0.80 long, 0.52 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.05, PLE 0.05, PME 0.04; ALE-PME 0.06, PLE—PLE 0.05, PLE-PME 0.02; AER 0.09, PER 0.11. Leg measurements: | 1.95 (0.55, 0.15, 0.54, 0.38, 0.33); Il 1.63 (0.43, 0.15, 0.44, 0.32, 0.29); III 1.44 (0.39, 0.15, 0.32, 0.31, 0.27); IV 2.11 (0.62, 0.16, 0.59, 0.43, 0.31). Genital area (Fig. 10E) with a scape on the posterior edge. Internal genitalia (Fig. 10F) with a pair of coiled spermathecae and sperm stalk; atrium triangular. Distribution. China (Anhui). Key to leptonetid spiders from Anhui Province, China Females of Jingneta wukuishan are unknown. 1 MaleSa 298. Pee Porn ee ee Pan ot Are ee ae Bee oe de 2 Bet PTGS Sed we cree Ohad acerca ale TU Re era Na Ul tad tee mcah lL A amceerett ant Madute uemrarlbal 9 2 Palpal femur with strong spines (Figs 1D, 5D) ...........cccccescseceeeseeseeeeeeeees 3 - Palpal femur without strong spines (Figs 7D, 11A)..........ccccccccscseeseeeees 7 3 Eyes absent; palpal tibia with columnar apophyses; cymbium curved pro- laterally, with prolateral spine (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 12D).............cccceeeee Dr See eetn tH re ee et Pm Longileptoneta shenxian Wang & Li, 2020 — Eyes present; palpal tibia with one or two horn-shaped or spine-like apophy- ses; cymbium branched distally, without prolateral spine (Figs 1D, 2B)........ 4 4 _ Body light yellow, abdomen without dark stripes (Fig. 1A)..............ce 5 — Body dark brown, abdomen with dark stripes (Fig. 5A)..........c:ccccceeseeees 6 ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 116 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China 10 Male palpal tibia with one horn-shaped apophysis distally (Fig. 2B)........... Bi Reon, em aN see team TR, Pen I eT) EIEN ED Taal! MR RC Jingneta qishan sp. nov. Male palpal tibia without horn-shaped apophysis (Song and Xu 1986: fig. hE Nee neler L ole Salt PD aD, Eee RRS. Jingneta tunxiensis (Song & Xu, 1986) Chelicerae with ten promarginal teeth; palpal femur with nine long setae retrolaterally and tibia with three short blunt spines (Song and Xu 1986: fe bags OA eer Aine PDR Aue Jingneta maculosa (Song & Xu, 1986) Chelicerae with seven promarginal teeth (Fig. 13C); palpal femur with six long setae retrolaterally and tibia lacking specialized setae (Fig. 5D) ........ a csiwaidenhy Rigo ect t Ueaey donee eceesm lider Mev ta emnaadec nomen etre Jingneta wukuishan sp. nov. Palpal tibia without strong spines (Fig. 11A) .........cccccccecsccsscesceseesecseeeseesees Serpe Osram ere bevy pe crn 5 pt irra a pyr Rhyssoleptoneta lishan sp. nov. Palpal tibia with a row of strong spines (Fig. 7D) ...........ccccccccsccsceseceeeeeees 8 Abdomen with dark chevron-shaped stripes (Fig. 7A); chelicerae with sev- en promarginal teeth (Fig. 13B); palpal tibia with four long setae retrolater- ally, the basal two thick (Fig. 7D); prolateral sclerite spine-like (Fig. 8D)..... dePicn tat ict cM aes ribs bad Cuepten betesbichl ie Mea ekistaoeht Reus muies Leptonetela jingde sp. nov. Abdomen without dark chevron-shaped stripes; chelicerae with eight pro- marginal teeth (Wang and Li 2011: figs 28A, 31C); palpal tibia with six long setae retrolaterally, the basal one thinner and the distal three thick (Wang and Li 2011: figs 28D, 30B); prolateral sclerite fork-shaped, with five teeth distallytWangcand El 20112 TigsS;28B; SUD ris. scscdercesswedescxcaten vos¥oeesstesecestertees pn oat Ge des 5 ee Leptonetela microdonta (Xu & Song, 1983) Abdomen with dark chevron-shaped stripes (Fig. 9A)...........c:ccccccseeeeee 10 Abdomen without dark chevron-shaped StripeS ............eeeecceeeeteeeeeeeeees 11 Abdomen with four dark chevron-shaped stripes; spermathecal stalk in- CIIdING:; SIX COs (Figz OD jue ©, sis 22 eel Leptonetela jingde sp. nov. Abdomen with three dark chevron-shaped stripes; spermathecal stalk straight, without coils (Song and Xu 1986: fig. 2B) ..........ccccceeeseeseceeceteeees Wien ross atee rec tew nea cbuderad ori eth laser nach Jingneta maculosa (Song & Xu, 1986) Eyes absent (Wang et al. 2020: fig. 13A) .........cccccccccsscssecseeescesceseesscsseeseesaees ovate lckaicancetinsh Red Boalt oe Longileptoneta shenxian Wang & Li, 2020 EVOSIOICS ON cesncessarecrus commer Sunctis catenin Mee deccsmalessfutatas nat tebesataseiaiccsrie rt 12 Genital area with a scape (Fig. 3C) oo... ccc cccccseeseeseeeesecseeseeseeseeseeseesees 13 Genital areawithOuba-SGanes Aj. tise eh hate, Sills LU I os a 14 Scape enlarged distally; atrium triangular (Fig. 10F) ..........0.ccccceeeeeeeeees Wsusncete ues atnauenn At bomen eens enerts a ruieeee tS Rhyssoleptoneta lishan sp. nov. Scape not enlarged distally; atrium oval (Fig. 3D).....Jingneta gishan sp. nov. Carapace with brown lateral margin; spermathecal stalk including six coils QWangtandLin20 IiEfiGS329C BOB) £606 ct memes. ese rertoanted wes eine ene Berean ce N eeterevlaNit oMess nee Sees Leptonetela microdonta (Xu & Song, 1983) Carapace without brown lateral margin; spermathecal stalk straight, without coils (Song and Xu 1986: fig. 1B)......... Jingneta tunxiensis (Song & Xu, 1986) Acknowledgements The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Charles Griswold, Cristina Rheims, Hirotsugu Ono, Joel Ledford, Sarah Crews and one anonymous reviewer. ZooKeys 1218: 99-119 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1218.136555 117 Shuhui Li et al.: Four new species of leptonetid spiders from China Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Funding This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC32370479, 31972867) and Special Fund for Graduate Students Programs of Shenyang Normal University (SYNUXJ2024058). Author contributions YT designed the study. SL and QC finished the descriptions and took the photos. YT completed the hand drawings. SL and YT drafted and revised the manuscript. Author ORCIDs Shuhui Li © https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0266-6859 Qiang Chen © https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9722-1561 Yanfeng Tong © https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4348-7029 Data availability All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text. References Chen H, Zhu M (2008) One new genus and species of troglobite spiders (Araneae, Lep- tonetidae) from Guizhou, China. Journal of Dali University 7(12): 11-14. Hu C, Liu J (2023) The re-validation of Leptonetela sublunata (Chen, Jia & Wang, 2010) (Araneae, Leptonetidae). 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